As rabbit guardians, we must ensure the welfare needs of our buns are met. These are not optional, in fact they are set out in the 2006 animal welfare act.
Think of these as the equivalent of human rights, but for the animals we care for. Below we’re discussing just what these requirements look like for rabbit caregivers, so that we can allow the rabbits in our care to live happy, healthy lives.
Companionship
Imagine a world where you see or speak to no other humans. You would be lonely and frustrated, unable to communicate your thoughts or feelings. This is the same with rabbits. Guardians should aim to replicate as natural an environment as possible, and in the wild rabbits live in groups called “fluffles”. Here they are able to experience complex social interactions and are able to effectively communicate with the other buns in their group. Rabbits speak rabbit after all, and they can comfort and guide one another much more effectively than we can.
As prey animals, rabbits naturally are on high alert 24/7, and being alone increases the stress and anxiety they feel. Being in a group helps them feel more secure and reduces their stress and anxiety.
If you currently have a solo rabbit don’t panic. You can bond them with another. Approaching bonding should be done with the rabbit in mind. Rabbits, like us, choose their friends, and bonds should never be forced. We provide an ethical bonding service and are happy to assist your bun to find their fur-ever friend or friends!
Want to learn more? Read our guide to rabbit companionship.
Appropriate health and vet care
The notion that rabbits are good “starter pets” is still frustratingly prevalent. Living an average of 8-12 years, rabbits are just as much of a commitment as a dog or cat. One of the most important things you can do for your rabbit’s health is to make sure they are registered with a rabbit-savvy vet. Although rabbits are a common companion animal, they require an exotic vet – meaning not every vet practice is suitable for them.
It is also vital that you know the common warning signs, regularly check your rabbit and know what their “normal” is. If you notice anything unusual such as new lumps, bumps, or a wet nose, get in contact with your vet as soon as possible. Rabbits are excellent at hiding illness and injury, something which protects them from predators in the wild but means we as guardians might not notice unless we are diligent in checking.
Another important part of a rabbit’s healthcare is regular grooming. Cutting their nails prevents them from being overgrown, which can injure your bun or cause issues with movement. We must also brush them regularly, to stop them or their bun friends from ingesting loose hair. Unlike cats, rabbits can’t get rid of hair they swallow and this can lead to blockages or stasis which can be fatal. Make sure you use a rabbit-appropriate comb or brush, to prevent injuries when grooming.
Adequate rabbit diet
Rabbits have delicate digestive systems that require a carefully balanced diet to ensure their health and well-being. The majority of their diet (around 85%) should consist of good-quality hay, which helps maintain dental health and proper digestion. In addition, 10% should be made up of fresh herbs and forage, while only 5% should consist of appropriate pellets—muesli-style mixes should be avoided as they can contribute to selective feeding and digestive problems. Fresh water must always be available.
When introducing new foods, it should be done gradually to prevent gastrointestinal upset. Foods containing grains should be avoided, as they provide no nutritional benefit and may lead to serious digestive issues such as gut stasis. Keep an eye out if your rabbit isn’t pooing normally as this can indicate health issues.
Learn more about the best diet for your rabbits in our rabbit diet guide.
Suitable environment and housing
Rabbits require a spacious and secure environment that allows them to exhibit their natural behaviours. The minimum recommended space for a pair of rabbits is 60 square feet (3m x 2m) on a single level, whether they are housed indoors or outdoors (RWAF, 2023). Rabbits are crepuscular, meaning they are most active at dawn and dusk, so their environment should allow ample space for running, jumping, and exploring. Indoor setups must be thoroughly rabbit-proofed to prevent access to electrical wires and hazardous objects.
Outdoor enclosures should be fully predator-proof, including a solid base such as paving slabs to prevent burrowing and escape. Enclosures should be constructed with strong 16-gauge mesh or smaller to keep predators out, and heavy-weight roofing is necessary for additional protection. Weatherproofing with tarpaulin or similar materials is essential to shield rabbits from harsh weather conditions. Providing multiple hiding places and enrichment items such as tunnels, chew toys, and digging areas ensures a stimulating environment.
The ability to showcase natural behaviours
Understanding rabbit behaviour and allowing your rabbits to exhibit these behaviours is essential to their welfare whilst they are living in a domestic setting.
Rabbits are intelligent and highly active animals that require opportunities to express their natural instincts. In the wild, they spend a significant amount of time foraging, so they should be given plenty of opportunities to forage; scatter feeding pellets and herbs are a great way to encourage these behaviours.
Rabbits also need space to run, jump, and stretch, which contributes to their overall health and happiness. Providing tunnels, platforms, and hiding spaces supports their need for security and exploration. Without adequate space and stimulation, rabbits can become bored, depressed, or develop destructive behaviours. By creating an environment that allows for natural behaviours, guardians ensure their rabbits lead enriched, healthy lives.
